In what ways did the new Protestant churches allow greater participation by their congregations than Catholicism? How is this a reaction to the fusion of political and religious authority of the time?
What will be an ideal response?
Lutheranism stressed the equality of all participants in the faith and rejected the notion that any man (or woman) was more empowered to interpret the Bible than others. Therefore, in his Priesthood of All Believers, he emphasized the importance of community in the concept of pure gospel. Under that direction, a community would appoint clergy, not a bishop. If disputes arose regarding interpretation of scripture, it was up to a community to decide who was correct. All Protestants were to have access to reading the Bible themselves. Both Lutheranism and Calvinism translated the Bible into the vulgate for the greater understanding of their congregations, to enhance participation in church services with recitation of Psalms and hymns. Calvinism rejected the priesthood of all believers and argued that clergy was above congregation, for purposes of teaching and administering discipline.
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