Jonathan is choosing a perpetrator from a lineup in a robbery that he witnessed. You can be most confident in his selection if:
a. the authorities smiled after Jonathan's response so that he would feel comfortable during the lineup procedure.
b. the authorities had the lineup presented all at the same time so Jonathan could compare the individuals.
c. the lineup included individuals of different races and ethnicities.
d. Jonathan was given the option to not choose any of the people from the lineup if no one fit his memory.
Answer: D
Rationale : : A likely explanation is that simultaneous lineups encourage the relative judgment principle: The witness assumes the suspect is included and selects the person who looks most like the suspect relative to the others in the lineup.
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