In general, people do not like to suffer, work hard, or make sacrifices. If and when they do these things, they want to feel that their efforts were worthwhile. Thus, even when people's efforts do not actually seem to have paid off, people will nonetheless try to convince themselves that they suffered for a good reason. This tendency is known as ____
a. effort justification
b. attitude polarization
c. a self-fulfilling prophecy
d. the false consensus effect
A
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Because Psychology has some sub-disciplines that share many of the same ideas as biology and mathematics, it is said to be a
a. Science b. Hub discipline c. Discourse community d. Communicative discipline
A psychologist is working with a person who has been diagnosed as having bipolar I disorder. When the psychologist looks at the clinical history of the blood relatives of this person, she would not be surprised to find that:
a. there is evidence of similar symptoms being displayed in the person's relatives b. there is no evidence whatsoever of depressive symptoms in the relatives c. if there is evidence of depression or mania, it is no more likely to be found in blood relatives than it is in close friends of the family d. there is evidence of other genetic problems such as Down syndrome
Your roommate is a smoker. He really would like to quit and has been reading about Freudian theory. He thinks that he is fixated at the oral stage and that he should make an appointment with a clinician who specializes in psychosexual therapy
What would you tell him? a. Few professionals adhere to Freud's theory, even psychoanalysts, so he should try something else. b. He should probably try it. Freud would say that he was orally fixated. c. It sounds to you like he is actually anally fixated. d. It will take time, but psychoanalysis should probably work for him.
Rokeach refers to beliefs concerning desirable and undesirable modes of conduct as __________
values. A) personal-social B) terminal C) instrumental D) competence