Describe the developmental progression of emotion regulation in infancy and toddlerhood.
What will be an ideal response?
Very young infants manage negative emotions by sucking vigorously on objects or turning their bodies away from distressing stimuli. Smiling allows the infant to control aspects of the situation without losing touch with it. When an infant gets excited and smiles, she looks away briefly. This may be a way of breaking herself away from the stimulus and allowing her to regroup, preventing overstimulation. Smiling is associated with a decline in heart rate, suggesting that it is a relaxation response to decrease an infant's level of arousal. Six-month-old infants are more likely to use gaze aversion and fussing as primary emotional regulatory strategies. Twelve-month-old infants are more likely to use self-soothing. Eighteen-month-old toddlers use distraction and active attempts to change the situation, such as moving away from upsetting stimuli. By 18-24 months, toddlers try to adjust their emotional reactions to a comfortable level of intensity by distracting themselves when they are distressed, such as by playing with toys or talking.
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The correct biological explanation for general paresis
a. was discovered very quickly. b. is still a mystery to scientists. c. will never be discovered. d. was only discovered after more than 100 years of study.
A psychologist wants to collect some information from individuals who have been diagnosed as suffering either acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. Which of the following could provide the best indication of the presence of certain
symptoms in these individuals? a. They are asked to keep track of their calorie intake for a period of two months. b. They are asked to fill out a questionnaire asking for basic demographic information. c. They are videotaped as they wait to be interviewed and react to an expected loud noise. d. They are asked to proceed to another building on campus and their speed of walking is measured.
Which of the following is a possible explanation for why blood donations increased dramatically following the September 11 th attacks?
a. People helped out genuine empathy.
b. People helped to reaffirm their commitment to their values.
c. People helped because it soothed the trauma they were experiencing.
d. All of the answers mentioned are possible explanations for why the blood donations increased.
In the 1980s, there were only about 15,000 people in the United States over 100 years of age. As of 2014, that number had increased to about
A. 30,000 B. 55,000 C. 72,000 D. 110,000