The basic idea of the modularity hypothesis of language acquisition is that
a. language is processed in a specialized module of the brain that is separate from other aspects of cognitive function
b. there are universalities in the child's environment that tend to be reflected in the way children use language with caregivers
c. language abilities are initially shaped primarily by reinforcement methods, such as a parent smiling when a baby makes sounds
d. many different cognitive modules in the brain contribute to children's abilities to acquire language
Ans: a. language is processed in a specialized module of the brain that is separate from other aspects of cognitive function
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The primary motivation for imitation in toddlerhood is the drive for
a. affiliation. b. mastery and competence. c. power. d. generativity.
_____ is the opposite of reinforcement
a) Partial reinforcement b) Continuous reinforcement c) Negative reinforcement d) Punishment
Which of the following is NOT one of the strongest risk factors for depression or depressed mood in adolescence?
a. poor body image b. being female c. conflict with friends d. parental criticism
Randomly assigning participants to condition allows the researcher to minimize the effects of
A) demand characteristics. B) the experimental treatments. C) systematic differences between the groups. D) placebos.