What are some pressing methodological issues regarding the recruitment of different -aged
adults for research?
What will be an ideal response?
One difficulty is that researchers often recruit younger and older adults from different
contexts, and older adults are often recruited from more varied contexts as well. Older
adults are frequently recruited from senior organizations, health care systems, and
retirement communities, whereas younger adults are often accessed from college
campuses. Also, one of the primary goals of researchers that work with adults is to
ensure that different-aged participants are as similar as possible, outside of the variable
of age. This tactic somewhat lessons concerns regarding cohort differences, although
this confound cannot be completely eliminated in cross sectional research. The concern,
however, is that in ensuring that our participants are equated on demographics, we
have lowered the external validity of the study. For instance, now the participants in a
certain age group may not be representative of people of that age group in the
community. Of course, this may not be true, it's simply a matter of comparing
demographics. Also, some experts recommend that we give participants short IQ tests.
These scores can then be contrasted to national norms. If the scores are similar, then the
researcher can better claim that the sample is representative.
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During middle childhood, there is an increase in the expectation that friends will share their values and _____________________
a. be fun b. have cool toys c. be loyal and stick up for them d. be willing to converse about sensitive personal information
Why are interstate commerce laws applicable to testing?
a. Tests developed and published in one state may be marketed and used in other states. b. Tests used in employment decisions affect individual finances. c. Students may attend colleges located in states other than their home states, so college entrance exams are controlled by interstate commerce laws. d. Testing is a business and thus antitrust laws apply.
One prediction that can be deduced from the _____ theory of emotion is that, in persons with spinal injuries, the _____ the injury on the spinal cord, the _____ intensely they will be able to experience emotion.
A) Cannon–Bard; higher; more B) Cannon–Bard; lower; less C) two-factor; higher; less D) two-factor; lower; less
According to the text, why should you be skeptical when you read studies about parents and adolescents in biological families where the behavior of parents is claimed to be the cause of the characteristics of adolescents?
a. Behavior may be caused by biology and not environment. b. Behavior may be caused by environment and not biology. c. Because the divorce rate is so high in the U.S., no conclusive findings could be drawn. d. There are few studies which investigate the differential treatment of mothers and fathers.