Normally, the jugular veins are most distended when the
a. patient is lying flat.
b. head of the bed (HOB) is elevated at a 45° angle.
c. head of the bed is at a 90° angle.
d. patient is upright.
A
Normally, the jugular veins are most distended when the patient is flat because gravity is eliminated and the jugular veins fill. When the HOB is elevated to a 45° angle, the jugular veins are 1 to 2 cm above the sternal angle. The jugular veins are absent when the HOB is at a 90° angle. The HOB at a 90° angle is the same as the patient being upright. So the jugular neck veins would be absent when the patient is upright.
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