In general, experimental studies have which one of the following advantages over descriptive and correlational studies?
a. Only experimental studies allow us to be specific about our teaching objectives.
b. Only experimental studies allow us to identify the possible factors influencing behavior.
c. Only experimental studies allow us to analyze data statistically and therefore arrive at precise results.
d. Only experimental studies enable us to draw accurate conclusions.
b
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All statements are supported by research EXCEPT for one. Which answer is NOT a research finding related to students' use of calculators?
A. They increase students' acquisition of basic skills. B. Students often experience decreased self-concept about their math skills when they use them. C. They improve students' attitudes toward mathematics. D. Students who use them on criterion tests produce higher achievement scores than students who do not.
The language code is comprised of five components. Which of the following is not considered a component of language?
a. Phonemes b. Pragmatics c. Semantics d. Expressives
Which type of data would be most appropriate to collect to indicate student performance that is not related to tests?
A. Response by response data B. Instructional and test data C. Error data D. Anecdotal data
Vygotsky's theory of development a. states that children learn through social interactions by means of their culture
b. is much different from Piaget's theory, which states that children act on their environment to learn. c. asserts that children socially interact through what he calls dialogues through which children learn the cultural values of their society. d. proposes that all human activities occur in cultural settings and cannot be understood apart from the culture. e. all of these.