Causes of intrarenal failure include all of the following except:
a. infections.
b. toxins.
c. ischaemia.
d. obstruction of urine.
d
Intrarenal failure results when there is damage to
glomerulus, vessels or kidney tubules. This is most often
caused by prolonged prerenal causes, infections and toxins
that result in inflammation or injury. Post-renal failure is
caused by obstruction, which may be a result of renal calculi,
strictures, thrombosis, benign prostate hypertrophy, malignancies and pregnancy.
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