Which theorest argues that stigmatizing shaming of offenders makes matters worse and increases crime.

a. Jeffrey Reiman
b. George Vold
c. Delbert Elliott
d. John Braithwaite


d. John Braithwaite

Criminal Justice

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The ______ effect refers to the phenomenon of genetics and environment tending to be matched, so that a person’s genetic advantage or disadvantage intellectually will tend to be magnified over time due to environmental influences.

a. classical b. multiplier c. reticulant d. Wechsler

Criminal Justice

Which type of child maltreatment is the most frequently reported type?

a. Sexual abuse b. Physical abuse c. Neglect d. Psychological abuse

Criminal Justice

The three types of power are

a. Law enforcement, order maintenance, and service b. Multiple, conflicting, and vague c. Exhortation, reciprocity, and coercion d. None of the above

Criminal Justice

Operation units are those components within a police organization that provide direct services to the public

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice