A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?
A) biosynthesis
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) the citric acid cycle
D) glycolysis
E) alcoholic fermentation
Answer: B) oxidative phosphorylation
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You're a famous eye surgeon, specializing in corneal transplants. Give your choice, would you rather have a cornea for transplantation from a 20 year old individual, or a 60 year old individual (assuming there are no optical defects due to age), and why?
A. The 60 year old-clearly, if the individual has gone 60 years with no optical defects, this is a very good organ for transplantation. The 20 year old cornea may have defects that simply haven't become apparent yet. B. The 20 year old cornea-younger is always better when dealing with tissue transplants. You want to give the transplant the longest possible time for survival in the recipient. C. The 20 year old cornea-while extremely rare, it may be possible to transmit prions through corneal transplants. It's less likely that a 20 year old would have encountered and become contaminated by prions than the 60 year old. D. The 20 year old cornea-never mind prions, there are a variety of agents that can hide in corneal tissues and that might cause disease. It's far more likely that the 60 year old would be harboring one or more of these pathogens than the 20 year old.
Which of the following lead(s) to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
a. the process of meiosis b. the combination of male and female gametes during fertilization c. mutations that occur during development d. the process of meiosis and the combination of male and female gametes during fertilization
Plants require a lot of water for hydration, metabolism, homeostasis, and photosynthesis. How is water used in photosynthesis?
A. as an electron donor in the photosystems B. to combine with NADP+ to form NADPH C. to combine with ADP to form ATP D. as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain E. as a substrate for ATP synthase
Which chemicals trigger the repeated division of lymphocytes that produce activated B and T cells?
a. interleukins b. complement proteins c. interferons d. histamines e. cytokines