Since the age of two, Michael has had a history of acting out. As a child, Michael's acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of 12, he was skipping school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was 15, he started using drugs and alcohol. Michael's family checks Michael into a three-month residential treatment center that treats individuals with mental health issues and drug addiction. The treatment Michael receives is considered a(n) _________________ program.
A. primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C. adjudicatory prevention
D. alternative sentencing
Answer: A
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When deviance occurs, which type of societies engage in repressive law marked by harsh physical punishment of deviants?
a. Large, modern societies b. Early, aboriginal societies c. Small, traditional societies d. Collective, heterogeneous societies
Police are least involved in the phase of the criminal justice system that takes place after the trial
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Agnew argues that strain frustration may lead to the collective solution of forming a delinquent subculture in which middle-class norms and values are replaced with their antithesis—or the opposite ideals. 2. According to differential opportunity theory, criminal subcultures and the neighborhoods in which they reside can perpetuate crime through generations with the use of their own forms of icons and role models (legitimate or not). 3. According to Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory, some people are predisposed to crime, while others are not. 4. According to Cloward and Ohlin, retreatist subcultures develop in disorganized communities where illegitimate opportunities are largely absent and those that exist are closed to adolescents. 5. Emile Durkheim suggested deviance is a result of a lack of regulation of goals and unlimited desires/needs.
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the high rate of offending by adolescent populations?
a. Peer pressure b. Socialization with other juvenile delinquents c. Hormone levels d. Poverty