The nurse is preparing to assess an elderly client with emphysema. Which of the following anatomical changes would the nurse expect to find in this client?
1. Funnel chest
2. Barrel chest
3. Pigeon chest
4. Scoliosis
2
Rationale 1: Funnel chest is a congenital deformity characterized by depression of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilage.
Rationale 2: Clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often have barrel chests. Aging can result in a barrel chest.
Rationale 3: Pigeon chest is a congenital deformity that is characterized by forward displacement of the sternum with depression of the adjacent costal cartilage.
Rationale 4: Scoliosis is a condition in which there is lateral curvature and rotation of the thoracic and lumbar spine.
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