Which of these statements best illustrates the theory of catastrophism?
A) Only extinct species appear in the fossil record.
B) The fossil record is incomplete.
C) Only plant species have become extinct.
D) There are no humans in early fossil records because they had not been created yet.
E) Species become extinct due to natural disasters, such as floods and volcanic eruptions.
E
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Acetylcholine released into the junction between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle binds to a sodium channel and opens it. This is an example of _____
A) a voltage-gated sodium channel B) a voltage-gated potassium channel C) a ligand-gated sodium channel D) a second-messenger-gated sodium channel E) a chemical that inhibits action potentials
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
What will be an ideal response?
Buttress roots help trees obtain oxygen from flooded soil. Indicate whether the statement is true or false
New biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, can alert serious athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and find it difficult to continue exercising
These biosensors monitor lactate, a form of lactic acid, released in sweat during strenuous exercise. Which of the statements below is the best explanation of why athletes would need to monitor lactate levels? A) During aerobic respiration, muscle cells cannot produce enough lactate to fuel muscle cell contractions and muscles begin to cramp, thus athletic performance suffers. B) During anaerobic respiration, lactate levels increase when muscles cells need more energy, however muscles cells eventually fatigue, thus athletes should modify their activities to increase aerobic respiration. C) During aerobic respiration, muscles cells produce too much lactate which causes a rise in the pH of the muscle cells, thus athletes must consume increased amounts of sports drinks, high in electrolytes, to buffer the pH. D) During anaerobic respiration, muscle cells receive too little oxygen and begin to convert lactate to pyruvate (pyruvic acid), thus athletes experience cramping and fatigue.