List and briefly discuss innate body defenses to disease.
What will be an ideal response?
Innate body defenses to disease include surface membrane barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, as the first line of defense. Not only do the skin and mucous membranes act as a physical barrier to microorganisms, but they also secrete chemicals such as saliva, sebum, mucus, and HCl that kill microorganisms. Innate cellular defenses include the use of phagocytes and natural killer cells. Inflammation occurs in response to injury. The inflammation response includes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and phagocyte mobilization. Antimicrobial substances such as interferon and complement are also produced as innate defenses by the body.
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A patient has been experiencing difficulty with homeostatic regulation. An MRI scan reveals a brain tumor. Which brain region is the tumor likely in?
A. The thalamus B. The cerebellum C. The hippocampus D. The hypothalamus E. The cerebrum
When proprioceptors are stimulated, what kind of information is provided to the CNS?
A) pressure B) position of structures C) pH of body fluids D) vibration E) None of the answers are correct.
By which method does the following move into the cell: molecules moving against the concentration gradient?
A)Active transport mechanisms B)Osmosis C)Diffusion D)Receptor-mediated endocytosis E)Phagocytosis
What is the first step of bone repair?
A) soft callus formation B) bone callus formation C) hematoma formation D) primary bone is replaced with secondary bone