Suppose you've assumed the following two data-generating processes: (1) Yi = f (Hi, Ji) and (2) Ji = g (Xi, Zi). What do these assumptions imply?

A. X has an indirect causal effect on J.
B. J has a direct causal effect on H.
C. Z has an indirect causal effect on Y.
D. Z has a direct causal effect on Y.


Answer: C

Biology & Microbiology

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