Which of the following can NOT be used to estimate a phylogenetic tree?

A. DNA sequences
B. Homoplasies
C. Fossil records
D. Synapomorphies


Ans: B. Homoplasies

Biology & Microbiology

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The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by ________

A. peptide bonds B. ribose sugars C. nitrogenous bases D. phosphodiester bonds

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Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles characterize many members of this taxonomic group of microbes

a. Eukarya b. Archea c. Bacteria d. None of the above

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Animal groups differ in the mechanisms by which heartbeats are initiated. Most arthropods have a

A. neurogenic heart while vertebrates have a myogenic heart. B. myogenic heart while vertebrates have a neurogenic heart. C. neurogenic heart while vertebrates have a cardiogenic heart. D. cardiogenic heart while vertebrates have a myogenic heart. E. autonomous heart while vertebrates have a neurally controlled heart.

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Corn, rice, wheat, fleshy fruits such as apples and berries, and many spices are all produced by

A) gymnosperms. B) ferns. C) angiosperms. D) seedless plants.

Biology & Microbiology