List and explain the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Respect for persons refers to treating all participants with courtesy and fully informing them of the study prior to their participation. People must be free to choose whether or not they want to participate and to what extent. Beneficence pertains to creating studies with a high potential for important scientific discoveries and a low potential for harm to participants. Researchers must always consider ways to minimize harm. Justice indicates the fair and equal distribution of both positive and negative aspects of a study to all people. For example, researchers should not conduct a potentially harmful study using only disadvantaged groups, such as poorer people. Further, if advantages are identified, they must be shared among all people.
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Your friend has a prescription for Valium that she takes for anxiety. She has taken Valium before the party you and she are attending. When she gets to the party, you see her heading for the bar. Based on what you have learned so far in this course, which of the following would you tell her?
a. You should probably not drink any alcohol because both alcohol and Valium act on the same system and their additive effects could be very dangerous. b. You should limit yourself to six drinks because too much of the two drugs together could make you very ill. c. Alcohol is not a drug, so there really isn't any reason to worry as long as you don't get drunk. d. Don't worry, alcohol and valium act on very different neurotransmitters, so a drug interaction is very unlikely.
A man returns from the doctor after having been informed that he is suffering from nerve deafness. Should he be concerned?
a. No, because this form of deafness is not very serious. b. No, because this type of deafness can easily be cured by microsurgery. c. No, because it means that his auditory cortex has definitely not been damaged. d. Yes, because it is a serious type of deafness.
What was one of the purposes for the use of psychoanalytic clinics that emerged in the 1900s?
A. to investigate mental illness patterns in the United States B. to train professionals interested in psychoanalysis C. to compete with behavioral therapies D. to work together with behaviorists
Anti-epileptics may work by restoring the balance between the neurotransmitter systems in the
A. prefrontal cortex. B. basal ganglia. C. amygdala. D. hippocampus.