As California moved forward with implementing legislation to mandate ratios, the first step was to determine what the ratio should be. What issues complicated this process? (Select all that apply.)
A) Standardization of PCS data
B) Lack of criteria to indicate PCS
C) Data outlining expected cost
D) Which hospital would be most affected
E) The current staffing at each hospital
B, C, D, E
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When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the interstitial cells of Cajal, pacemaker cells of the GI tract, react by
A) decreasing amplitude or abolishing the slow waves that control the spontaneous oscillations in membrane potentials. B) increasing the peristaltic motion of the GI tract, thereby causing explosive diarrhea. C) increasing the amount of secretions being entered into each segment of the intestinal tract. D) signaling the vagus nerve to slow down motility and increase absorption of water from the large intestine.
A patient, age 41, has had a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometriosis. She asks the nurse if she will have "hot flashes." The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that
a. only the uterus was removed, and the ovaries are still producing estrogen. b. the patient is too young to have hot flashes associated with menopause. c. the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes were removed, and she will have surgically induced menopause. d. the uterus and fallopian tubes were removed, and she will not experience "hot flashes."
A patient's electrocardiogram reveals occasional premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). The nurse manager evaluates that the newly licensed nurse understands the implications of this finding when the nurse makes which statement?
1. "PVCs are insignificant in people with no history of heart disease.". 2. "PVCs typically have no pattern.". 3. "The frequency of PVCs is not associated with specific events.". 4. "The incidence of PVCs has no relevance to the patient having had a myocardial infarction.".
The nurse has presented a session on pain relief options to a prenatal class. Which statement indicates that additional teaching is needed?
1. "An epidural can be continuous or can be given in one dose." 2. "A spinal is usually used for a cesarean birth." 3. "Pudendal blocks are effective when a vacuum is needed." 4. "Local anesthetics provide good labor pain relief."