Which of the following patients is most at risk for theophylline toxicity due to decreased biotransformation ability?
a. A 45-year-old man with renal insufficiency
b. A 59-year-old man with chronic obstructive airway disease
c. A 53-year-old woman who smokes and has asthma
d. A 49-year-old woman with chronic obstructive airway disease and hepatitis
D
Biotransformation occurs when enzymes detoxify (remove toxic qualities), degrade (break down), and remove biologically active chemicals. Most biotransformation occurs within the liver, although the lungs, kidneys, blood, and intestines also metabolize medications. The liver is especially important because its specialized structure oxidizes and transforms many toxic substances. The liver degrades many harmful chemicals before they become distributed to the tissues. If a decrease in liver function occurs, such as with aging or liver disease, the body slowly eliminates a medication, resulting in a buildup of the medication. When organs that metabolize medications do not function correctly, patients are at risk for medication toxicity.
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The external male genital structures include the:
a. Testis. b. Scrotum. c. Epididymis. d. Vas deferens.
Which clinical manifestation indicates that the client's superior vena cava syndrome is resolving?
A. The client's hands are less swollen. B. Breath sounds are clear bilaterally. C. The client's back pain is relieved. D. Pedal edema is present.
For the best therapeutic effect after a myocardial infarction (MI), thrombolytics should be administered within the first 3 hours (ideally 30 minutes) of presentation of symptoms
Studies have shown that thrombolytic therapy, however, can be of benefit up to how many hours after the initial presentation of symptoms of MI? a. 6 hours c. 10 hours b. 8 hours d. 12 hours
A client asks the nurse for help in selecting foods, as some are "good" and others are "bad." How should the nurse respond to the client?
1. "Eat a wide variety of foods to furnish adequate nutrients." 2. "Avoid starchy foods." 3. "Limit foods with high-fructose corn syrup." 4. "Eat three meals a day to reduce calories." 5. "Eat moderately to maintain correct body weight."