A newly diagnosed breast cancer patient asks the nurse to explain what kind of breast cancer she has
She tells the nurse that her tumor is not large, but the physician suspects regional lymph node involvement, and that there are signs of metastastatic disease. From this patient's description the nurse suspects the tumor would be categorized as what?
A) Stage I
B) Stage IIB
C) Stage IIIA
D) Stage IV
Ans: D
Feedback: Classification of tumors that are stage 0 (DCIS, LCIS, or Paget's disease of the nipple with no invasion), stage I (tumors that are 2 cm or less with no involvement of axillary lymph nodes), and stage IV (tumors of any size, with distant metastases) is fairly straightforward. However, classification of tumors that are stage II and stage III, which represent a wide spectrum of breast cancers, is more difficult. Factors that play a role in determining stages II and III include the number and characteristics of axillary lymph nodes, the status of other regional lymph nodes such as internal mammary nodes or supraclavicular nodes, and the presence or absence of involvement of the skin or underlying muscle.
You might also like to view...
The nursing student is conducting an assessment for a client on a medical-surgical unit. Which findings are indicative of a client who is experiencing tachypnea? Select all that apply
A) Excessive rapid breathing B) Chest pain C) Rapid breathing at rest D) Shallow breathing E) Cyanosis
A nurse is caring for a client who has been recommended the guided imagery technique
for pain management. The client is eager to know how this technique will help him. In which way does the guided imagery technique help in pain management? A) Relieves pain by relaxing taut muscles B) Provides distraction and diversion from the pain C) Enables visualization of destruction of the origin of pain D) Causes vasodilation at the area of pain
A school-age child has sustained a head injury and multiple fractures after being thrown from a horse. The child's level of consciousness is variable
The parents tell the nurse that they think their child is in pain because of periodic crying and restlessness. The most appropriate nursing action is to: a. discuss with parents the child's previous experiences with pain. b. discuss with practitioner what analgesia can be safely administered. c. explain that analgesia is contraindicated with a head injury. d. explain that analgesia is unnecessary when child is not fully awake and alert.
Research has shown that children of employed mothers are able to develop well and have their needs met as long as:
A) the parent has sufficient income. B) adequate child care is provided. C) the parent is well educated. D) no crisis occurs in the family.