Evaluate Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Evidence supports Kohlberg's view that the moral judgments of children develop in an upward sequence, even though most children do not reach postconventional thought. Postconventional thought, when found, first occurs during adolescence, apparently because formal-operational thinking is a prerequisite for it. Kohlberg believed that the stages of moral development follow the unfolding of innate sequences and are therefore universal. But he may have underestimated the influence of social, cultural, and educational institutions. Postconventional thinking is all but absent in developing societies. Perhaps postconventional reasoning reflects Kohlberg's personal ideals and not a natural, universal stage of development. In his later years, Kohlberg (1985) dropped Stage 6 reasoning from his theory in recognition of this possibility.
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Which criticism has been applied to Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?
A. Stages aren't distinct enough to capture the sudden jumps in qualitative reasoning that children go through. B. Piaget proposed too many stages of cognitive development in adolescence. C. The preoperational stage should really be divided into three substages. D. Piaget underestimated the ages at which children could master various cognitive tasks.
Which term refers to the average age of death for members of a population?
A. cohort effect B. life expectancy C. peer group expectancy D. population decline
Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Carl Jung, Otto Rank, and Erik Erikson would be considered
a. Gestalt psychologists. b. neo-Freudians. c. cognitive behaviorists. d. functionalists.
____________________ is an example of "what might be."
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word