Identify the true statement(s) about receptors:
a. They may be a specialized ending of an afferent neuron
b. They exist that are specific for every modality in the environment
c. When stimulated enough may cause Na+ channels in the afferent neuron to open
d. They may be cells closely associated with the peripheral endings of afferent neurons
e. All of the above are true.
E
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A reflex in which the sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord is called a(n) _________ reflex arc.
A. intersegmental B. contralateral C. ipsilateral D. polysynaptic E. monosynaptic
According to the Nernst equation, the equilibrium potential for a given ion decreases as the difference in concentration of the ion outside and inside the cell increases
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The largest salivary gland is the ________ gland, and its duct opens near the second upper molar.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?
A. inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet B. lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone C. calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis D. pain following injury helps prevent further injury E. blood clotting starts repair process