In a classic experiment, psychology students were assigned to work either with "bright" rats or with "dull" rats, described as such by the experimenter. After a series of tests, the students' results showed that the "bright" rats had outperformed the "dull" rats. However, in fact, all the rats were of the same strain and breed; there were no preexisting differences between the groups. What caused
the difference in their performance?
A) By chance, the rats in one group actually were brighter than those in the other group.
B) Demand characteristics in the experiment cued the rats about how to perform in the mazes.
C) The students' expectations about the rats' performance influenced their observations and behaviours.
D) The students looked at average scores, rather than at each rat's individual score.
C) The students' expectations about the rats' performance influenced their observations and behaviours.
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Which sleep disorder involves the ability to act out one's dreams?
A. Sleep apnea B. Somniloquy C. Night terror D. REM behavior disorder
By what age do infants develop a preference for salty tastes?
A) within a few days after birth B) by four months C) at birth D) within a year after birth
The disorder that involves an inability to recall personal information or events is called:
A. dissociative memory B. dissociative fugue C. dissociative amnesia D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
Research indicates that flexible working schedules are associated with each of the following criteria except:
a. higher levels of fatigue b. less absenteeism c. higher job satisfaction d. slight increases in productivity