Allison has a piercing headache that is really getting in the way of her ability to do anything. She takes two extra-strength pain killers and sits quietly for a half-hour. When that time is up, the pain has significantly reduced,
and Allison is able to get some of her chores done. Allison will probably take the pain-killers again the next time she has a headache, and this is due to the effects of:
a. negative reinforcement
b. positive punishment
c. negative punishment
d. positive reinforcement
Answer: A
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Kara is in Stage 1 of the sleep cycle, and her body jerks in response to her feeling like she is falling, which wakes her. You tell her not to worry, as she just experienced a __________, which is not harmful but normal.
A. hypnogogic hallucination B. hypnic hallucination C. hypnic jerk D. hypnotic jerk
Which of the following statements supports the argument by Kirmayer (2007) that psychotherapy itself is inescapably bound to a particular cultural framework?
a) Expressions of abnormality and their underlying psychological causes are not bound to culture at all. b) Cultures invariably focus on the independent sense of self rather than the interdependent sense of self. c) Psychotherapy requires probing into the self, and cultures differ on notions of the self. d) The goal of psychotherapy is to help people to become more functional within their society, but functionality is independent of culture.
An evaluation of how effective a program is in meeting its goals is called a
a. Summative evaluation b. Factorial design c. Formative evaluation d. Meta-analysis
If there is an interaction in a factorial experiment,:
a. there will be at least one main effect. b. there will be two main effects. c. interactions do not occur in factorial designs. d. there will be both at least one main effect and two main effects.