List the signs and symptoms of syncope and the appropriate treatment for this condition

What will be an ideal response?


Presyncopal signs and symptoms:
• Pupil dilation
• Diaphoresis or a cold sweat
• Excitation of the piloerector muscles, resulting in goose flesh
• Weakness
• Dizziness
• Vertigo
• Nausea
• Yawning and sighing
• Visual changes, particularly darkening or blurring of vision or seeing spots
• Blood pressure elevated
• Pulse elevated
• Shortness of breath
• Heart palpitation
• Chest pain
• Pallor
Syncopal signs and symptoms:
• Unconsciousness
• Weak, slow pulse < 30 beats per minute
Treatment:
• Suspend dental procedures
• All objects should be removed from the oral cavity
• If consciousness is lost—place patient in a supine position with legs slightly elevated
• Open the airway
• Assess circulation
• Loosen tight clothing
• Administer oxygen at 4–6 liters/minute
• If unconsciousness persists, summon EMS

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