The nurse working on a pediatric unit is speaking to a child who is terminally ill. The child is describing her illness in terms of mutilation to her body. Based on the child's response, the nurse plans care for which of the following?
1. Infants
2. Preschoolers
3. School-age children
4. Adolescents
2. Preschoolers
Rationale:
Preschool-age children can see their bodies deteriorate and feel the effects of medications used during disease progression and treatment. Infants and toddlers are not actually aware of death, but they are aware of and react to changes in normal routines and the behavior of parents. School-age children have subtle fears about body integrity and anxieties about the seriousness of their illness. Adolescents have a mature understanding of death, but the normal developmental milestones of adolescence add to their problems in facing a terminal illness.
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Prior to surgery, the nurse checks to ensure that the patient has signed an informed consent form. Which ethical principle is the nurse supporting?
1. Beneficence 2. Veracity 3. Autonomy 4. Fidelity
Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational design for a nonexperimental study?
a. It represents an efficient and effective method of collecting a large amount of data about a problem. b. Many questionnaires and instruments are already developed and have been determined to be valid and reliable. c. Generalizability is greater than for results of studies using experimental designs. d. It allows flexibility in the manipulation of more than one variable.
Healthcare organization X is committed to improving patient outcomes and, as part of the QI process, examines its executive structure and organizational design. This approach recognizes:
a. The importance of decentralized structure in QA. b. That structure influences nurse burnout and participation in quality improvement initiatives. c. The need to ensure sufficient supervisory staff to respond in a corrective manner when mistakes occur. d. That a narrow hierarchy ensures accountability for errors and outcomes.
The nurse is caring for several acutely ill clients during the shift. Which of the following is an example of the nurse practicing the professional criteria of autonomy?
A) Communicating with peers when help is needed B) Deciding to prioritize care according to client needs C) Delivering medications and prescribed treatments in a timely manner D) Complaining to the supervisor about high acuity level and staff-to-client ratio