The process by which a person is marked or labeled as a deviant or a disgrace is called:

a. secondary deviance.
b. primary deviance.
c. stigmatization.
d. spoiled identity.


c. stigmatization.

Criminal Justice

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Which of the following is NOT true of computer forensic science?

a. It protects digital evidence from possible alterations. b. It provides mechanisms for evidence duplication. c. It encourages allegations of corruption on the part of investigators. d. It enables the creation of forensically sound images useful for data analysis.

Criminal Justice

Federal and state governments, collectively, spend approximately _________ annually on corrections

a. $1 trillion b. $88 billion c. $78 billion d. $68 billion e. $58 billion f. None of the above

Criminal Justice

According to research, which of the following is not a significant factor predicting the likelihood of a hung jury?

a. Case complexity b. Offense severity c. Group dynamics of the jury d. Juror concern over fairness

Criminal Justice

Jeff will most likely file a _____ lawsuit against the offenders who injured him, which will not be difficult to win

a. criminal b. tort c. civil d. motion

Criminal Justice