If a researcher wanted to study the effect of exposure time on memory for pictures, the researcher might operationally define the independent variable as _____
a. exposure times of 1, 3, or 10 seconds c. giving everyone the same instructions
b. score on a memory test d. either a or b
A
The independent variable is the one manipulated by the experimenter. It is the presumed cause that will affect the dependent variable. In this case different exposure times should cause changes in memory for pictures.
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of mental stress on physiological responses in the human body?
A. For individuals who work, Monday is the most likely day for a heart attack. B. Mental stress lowers blood pressure. C. The heart muscle receives increased oxygen flow during times of mental stress. D. Increased levels of stress positively correlate with increased levels of dopamine.
Some people have suggested that oxytocin could act as a "love or cuddle hormone" or "liquid trust." Which of the following is a reason given in the textbook why this is an oversimplification?
a. Oxytocin actually decreases attraction and trust in most people. b. Giving people doses of oxytocin makes them more likely to favor their own group over other groups, and increases defensive aggression against outsiders. c. Oxytocin increases attraction and trust in non-human animals, but has no effect in humans. d. Giving people doses of oxytocin only works if it is administered along with vasopressin.
Because Pavlov's procedure involves the acquisition of a response to an eliciting stimulus,
it is referred to as the __________ procedure.
The match between a child's temperament and the parent's temperament and child-rearing methods is called ______.
A. reactivity B. social reciprocity C. goodness of fit D. temperamental shift