Professor Carlisle lives near campus and has noticed that people driving through her neighborhood travel well over the speed limit. She wants to gather more information in order to find ways to reduce speeding in residential neighborhoods around campus. She places a survey in the mailbox of each of her neighbors in a 1-mile radius. About 30% of the surveys are returned to her completed. Contrary to Prof. Carlisle’s expectations, in the completed surveys, people report an average speed that is right around the speed limit. Using the appropriate terminology from this chapter, explain why this might have happened.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Selection bias—those who are willing to take the time to complete the survey are probably not the people who are speeding.
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Which of the following occurred as a result of Meehl's studies of individuals, which consisted of the same two scales that were elevated?
a. Clinical scales were shown to be appropriately and correctly named. b. New criterion groups were created based on similarities in their MMPI profiles. c. Clinical groups were identified on the basis of patterns of MMPI scores. d. Psychiatric diagnosis became even more important to the definition of criterion groups.
Stella, who notices that a man is walking behind her as she returns to her dormitory at night, quickly assesses the situation to determine if there might be any danger. She realizes with relief that it is someone she knows from class. She is using a(n) ____
a. ?standard appraisal model b. ?emotion-based appraisal model c. ?cognitive appraisal model d. ?introspective appraisal model
Penny wanted to find out how long it would take her sister Cathy to press a button when she hears a tone. Penny is studying what type of process?
A) classical conditioning B) introspection C) reaction time D) stimulus time
Which of the following is included in Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence?
a. creative intelligence b. practical intelligence c. analytical intelligence d. all of these choices