In the context of operant conditioning, which of the following is typically true?
A. In this process, an individual associates a maladaptive response with a stimulus that is not even capable of affecting him/her in any way.
B. A person has to directly experience reinforcement in order for it to modify his/her behavior.
C. It is a subconscious process as in the case of classical conditioning.
D. Both negative and positive reinforcement increase the frequency of the behaviors that precede them.
Answer: D
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A person whose immoral behavior harms others, but who feels no remorse for such harmful behavior, would NOT be regarded as abnormal if the criterion used was
a. statistical abnormality. b. social nonconformity. c. maladaptive behavior. d. subjective discomfort.
Anyone that knows Tara would say that she is not a prejudiced person, but a person who really tries to be open, accepting, and tolerant of others. However, Tara seemed to have a momentary emotional response upon meeting a new classmate from a particular ethnic culture. Regarding Tara's response to this classmate, which of the following statements would most likely be true?
a. Tara is really a very prejudiced person, who has been able to hide it from her friends up until now. b. Tara is exhibiting symbolic prejudice toward this new classmate. c. Tara may be reflecting her unconscious dogmatism and a latent authoritarian personality. d. Tara, although not consciously prejudiced, may be responding emotionally to members of other ethnic groups due to lingering stereotypes and prejudices learned in childhood.
Parents who emphasize behavioral control and obedience over warmth engage in the ______.
A. uninvolved parenting style B. authoritarian parenting style C. authoritative parenting style D. permissive parenting style
Which of the following is true of adjunctive behaviors?
A) ?They can facilitate self-control. B) ?They cannot provide for a more diversified range of behaviors in a particular setting. C) ?They are of little help in situations where reinforcers are sparse. D) ?They are unrelated to self-control.