How was Captain James Cook able to study science, navigation, and international relations? Include
information on his various expeditions. What will be an ideal response?
ANS:Answer
should include:
? Captain Cook was considered the first marine scientist. He collected marine and
terrestrial specimens in addition to samples from geological formations and the ocean
floor.
? Captain Cook kept accurate and detailed records. His logbooks contained vast amount of
information pertaining to his trips. The information was not exaggerated so the logbooks
were very reliable. In addition to the information in his logbooks, Captain Cook made
precise charts of the regions he traveled. These charts were even used in World War II.
? Captain Cook interpreted natural history, anthropology, and oceanography along his
voyages.
? The HMS Endeavour sailed in 1768 to assert British presence in the South Seas. Captain
Cook initiated contact and affable relations with native chiefs.
? During the HMS Endeavour scientific observations were conducted aboard as well. The
movement of Venus across the sun was measured. This allowed earlier calculations of
planetary orbits to be confirmed.
? Due to his leadership on the Endeavour voyage, Cook was given command of the HMS
Resolution and Adventure. Captain Cook charted many new islands including Tonga and
Easter Island. He also discovered new islands like New Caledonia and South Georgia.
? While leading the Resolution and Adventure, he became the first to circumnavigate the
globe at high latitudes. He sailed at 71? South latitude.
? Captain Cook's final expeditions were aboard the HMS Resolution and Discovery. The
goal of these particular expeditions was to find a northwest passage around Canada and
Alaska or conversely a northeast passage above Siberia.
? Cook charted the west coast of North America.
? Captain Cook's discovered the Hawaiian islands in the course of his last expedition. He
initiated contact with the chief. Captain Cook returned to Hawaii on his return voyage
after trying to find a northwest passage. Cook angered the Hawaiians somehow and they
killed Cook along with others.
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