What changes did Temujin bring to Mongol society? How did these changes enhance his control of the steppes and the Mongol ability to expand?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Changes to Mongol society
1. was a visionary lawgiver, patron of letters, architect of enduring empire
2. acquired a bureaucracy and a judicial system
a. law code gradually took shape
b. regulated hunting, army discipline, behavior at feasts, and social
relationships
c. death the penalty for murder, serious theft, conspiracy, adultery,
sodomy, and witchcraft
3. he recruited administrators where he conquered, without favoritism for
any community or creed
a. closest ministers included Muslims, Christians, and Buddhists
4. learned the benefits of peace along the steppeland road
a. Mongols became its highway police
5. enforced or induced unity over almost the entire steppeland
6. felt his way from raiding, tribute gathering, and exacting ransom to
constructing an empire, with permanent institutions of rule
B. Changes enhanced control and ability to expand
1. Mongol conquests reached farther and lasted longer than those of any
previous nomad empire
2. ensuing campaigns of the confederation of tribes he put together really
did represent a combined effort of steppe dwellers against the sedentary
peoples who surrounded them
3. well organized and made use of the people he conquered in his
administration as advisors
4. were able to introduce ways of life that fit in with the steppeland ecology
a. mixed pastoralism is essential in an environment in which no
other source of food is available
b. variety therefore ensures a reliable food supply
5. qualities that made the Mongols of his era great: tolerance, adaptability,
respect for tradition
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