Which of the following studies has employed backward conditioning?
A. Presenting a flashing light after an electric shock is administered to a rat's tail
B. Presenting a loud noise before a puff of air is blown on a cat's face
C. Presenting a flashing light a long time before an electric shock is administered to a rat's tail
D. Presenting a flashing light at the same time when a puff of air is blown on a cat's face
Answer: A
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Young children who are physically active
a. tend to have physically active parents. b. are often diagnosed as hyperactive when they reach elementary school. c. are less likely to get into trouble because they burn off excess energy. d. outgrow it and become sedentary adults.
Bobbie Jo appeared to develop normally for the first year of her life, but then she began to exhibit severe isolation and communication difficulties as well as repetitive behaviors. Her head size, however, was normal. The most likely DSM-5 diagnosis would be ____
a. autism spectrum disorder c. intellectual disability b. Asperger's syndrome d. learning disability
Greta fears that something extremely embarrassing will happen if she leaves home or enters an unfamiliar situation. Thus, it is virtually impossible for her to go outside her home alone, be in a crowd, stand in line, or ride in a car. Greta most likely has which disorder?
a. agoraphobia b. conversion disorder c. an obsessive-compulsive disorder d. a panic disorder
If you stumble upon a tarantula in the woods, your brain will transmit information about that stimulus to the _____ through two routes, the "fast pathway" and the "slow pathway."
A) frontal lobe B) hippocampus C) amygdala D) pituitary gland