What were some of the technological advances and innovations in medieval Europe that some historians refer to as an "industrial revolution"? What were the environmental consequences?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
The chapter states that calling this development an "industrial revolution" is a bit overstated; however, a number of new machines were invented to make products and perform useful tasks. One indicator of an industrial transformation was the profusion of mills powered by both wind and water. Waterpower made possible the rapid expansion of ironmaking, including the development of trip hammers, stamping mills, and bellows to shape and pour iron for a variety of new uses. Mills also processed products such as paper, in addition to crushing olives, tanning leather, grinding grains, and sawing logs. Students should remark on the consequences of industrial growth as well. The European landscape was changed significantly by this growth. The flow of rivers was changed by dams and canals; quarry pits and mines scarred the countryside; and dumping in the streams created polluted environments. Deforestation for building and fuel was a common problem as well. In response to these environmental problems, the first antipollution law was passed in England in 1388.
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It can be said that the first stage in the development of modern nationalism in Africa and Asia was
A. the collapse of all tribal loyalties. B. the complete assimilation of the ruling elite into the colonial infrastructure. C. the breakdown of village hierarchical structures. D. resistance to colonial conquest, often based on traditional cultural factors. E. an abandonment of local languages in favor of the language of the colonial power.
Bodhisattvas, in Theravada Buddhist beliefs, were
a. saintly individuals who had postponed their own enlightenment to found monasteries. b. Buddhists who had achieved enlightenment through strict practices of protocols and meditation. c. Hiniyanas who demonstrated that the wealthy were more in more favorable conditions to reach Nirvana. d. individuals who deferred their acceptance of Nirvana to teach others how to reach enlightenment. e. people who promoted the teaching of demons, as only Siddhartha was a bodhisattva.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
A. was opposed by President Pierce. B. ended westerners' hopes for a program of popular sovereignty. C. was proposed by Stephen Douglas. D. extended the provision of the Missouri Compromise that banned slavery north of 36° 30'.
Which constitutional amendment guaranteed the right to vote for all American males regardless of race?
a. the Fourteenth Amendment b. the Thirteenth Amendment c. the Fifteenth Amendment