A graduate student receives a mailed survey asking her to participate in research about unpleasant experiences in graduate school
She is asked to return the survey, and the instructions say, "Return of this instrument implies consent." Why does this constitute consent?
a. Studies like this are exempt from institutional review board oversight, so consent is not required.
b. Not returning the survey constitutes refusal, and subjects may indeed refuse by not completing the survey. The opposite is equally true.
c. The study is anonymous, so there is no risk of disclosure.
d. Only interventional research requires consent.
ANS: B
The requirements for written consent may be waived in research that "presents no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects and involves no procedures for which written consent is normally required outside of the research context." For example, if questionnaires are used to collect relatively harmless data, a signed consent form from the subjects would not be required. The subject's completion of the questionnaire may serve as consent. The top of the questionnaire might contain a statement such as "Your completion of this questionnaire indicates your consent to participate in this study."
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