A fiscal system includes the judges, laws, and courts that resolve conflicts.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
False
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Research on human mtDNA by scientists at the University of California—Berkeley suggests which of the following?
A. Modern humans originated in Africa and replaced Homo erectus elsewhere. B. The divergence of modern human groups began in the early Pliocene. C. There is tremendous diversity of mtDNA within living human groups. D. Modern Homo sapiens evolved in multiple areas of the world simultaneously.
New international conditions have created problems and opportunities for anthropologists working in the field. What are some of the challenges that J. Christopher Kovats-Bernat associates with doing "ethnography of violence"?
a. There is often unstable political organization, difficult and dangerous physical conditions, and difficulties in making ethical decisions. b. Informants do not want to work with the anthropologist because of lack of anonymity and the anthropologist cannot live in a central location. c. Social conditions are difficult, the anthropologist faces challenges in breaking local laws, and newspapers will not publish personal interest stories. d. It is difficult to study violence because it is infrequent and cannot be controlled. Also, the anthropologist frequently cannot get official permission to work in areas of violence. e. Violence is a cultural concept and anthropologists find it difficult to define this term. The "ethnography of violence," according to Kovats-Bernat, is an ethnocentric concept.
Missionary criticisms of premarital sexual relations, divorce, and non-strict child rearing practices tended to increase __________ in indigenous societies
a. Christian conversions b. matrilineal practices c. loose kin ties d. patriarchy
A conflict theory of the origin of the state emphasizes:
a. The emergence of centralization of power as a response to the emergence of an elite class that protects its power and privileges. b. The rise of the state because of the need to organize manpower for irrigation projects. c. The invention of the idea of the state in ancient Egypt and its diffusion to other parts of the world. d. The increase of sophisticated military weaponry that developed after the Industrial Revolution. e. The ways in which modern states are torn apart by conflict.