A researcher pretests a group of participants to determine their attitudes toward the use of alternative energy sources to replace crude oil. The researcher then initiates a program to convince them that they should invest in such alternatives. During this time, the price of gasoline rises $0.50 per gallon. At the end of the program, the researcher retests and finds that the participants are much more positive in their attitudes. What threat to internal validity most likely accounts for this change?
A. regression toward the mean
B. maturation
C. history
D. testing
Answer: C
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Recent studies reveal that ethnic identity exploration __________.
A. does not occur at all among white adolescents B. is less intense among immigrant youths C. is limited mainly to childhood and adolescence D. continues into the college years for many people
Cross-cultural research on Eysenck's model of personality tends to find the same three dimensions of personality across cultures. Eysenck points to this finding as evidence for
A. a biological basis of personality. B. the importance of environmental influences on personality. C. evolutionary personality theory. D. the need for factor analysis.
Rescorla's research on contingency theory supports a cognitive perspective in learning because
a. of the role of contiguity. b. merely pairing stimuli cannot account for learning. c. the tone preceded the shock. d. dogs became conditioned when shock followed the tone.
The expected value of F if the null hypothesis is true is ______.
A. 0 B. 1 C. 10 D. depends on the strength of the effect of the IV