All northern elephant seals come from a very small genetic pool. This is because in the 1890s a large number of them were very quickly killed until their population size was reduced to only about 20 individuals. Though their population has since increased to over 30,000 individuals, all their genes have come from those 20 individuals. Which of the following population genetic concepts does this example represent?
a) genetic drift
b) evolution
c) the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
d) the founder effect
e) the bottleneck effect
Ans: e) the bottleneck effect
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The premise of personalized medicine is that:
A. two people can develop the same condition for different reasons. B. two people with the same disease likely share similar genotypes. C. two people with the same disease likely share common risk factors. D. two people with the same disease are likely to respond similarly to similar medications. E. two people with the same disease are highly unlikely to respond to similar medications.
The first major split in evolution separated
a. all three lineages from each other. b. Archaea from bacteria and eukaryote ancestors. c. Bacteria from Archaea and eukaryote ancestors. d. eukaryote ancestors from Archaea and Bacteria. e. none of these.
Red algae can survive in deeper water because
of
a. phycobilins. b. holdfasts. c. chlorophyll a. d. a stonelike cell wall. e. their preference for freshwater habitat.
Sigma (?) factors can regulate the initiation of transcription. Which of the following is not an example of ? regulation?
A) Some ? factors recognize promoters for genes whose products are necessary when the organism is under stress, such as heat shock. B) Some ? factors recognize promoters for genes whose products are necessary for nitrogen utilization. C) Bacteriophages may code for specific ? factors that bind the core RNA polymerase and result in recognition of viral promoters. D) Many ? factors regulate genes associated with embryonic development in eukaryotes. E) UV irradiation can trigger the use of alternative ? factors.