For sodium to accumulate rapidly inside a neuron cell membrane,
a. a stimulus above the threshold must open sodium gates in an accelerating manner.
b. the wave of repolarization must occur to reestablish a resting potential.
c. there must be a dramatic increase in the negative charge of the cytoplasm.
d. a voltage surge must cause the sodium gates to close.
e. the potassium gates must open first.
A
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Refer to the figure above. What is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?
A) It attaches to the amino acid. B) It base pairs with a codon of mRNA. C) It stabilizes the tRNA-amino acid complex. D) It is the active site of this ribozyme.
In many spirochetes, multiple flagella combine to form a bundle known as a(n) ________ fibril, which winds around the cell and confers motility on the cell.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
In 2010, a research team led by Craig Venter transplanted an artificial genome into a small bacterial cell. The researchers hope that this technology might eventually lead to practical uses such as _____________.
A. developing artificial human embryos B. developing bacterial strains that could grow in the wild and compete with harmful organisms C. to make pathogenic microorganisms to use as biological weapons D. cleaning up toxic waste or generating biofuels
Reptiles, birds, and some mammals share which of the following characteristics?
A) produce amniotic eggs B) are predators C) are warm-blooded D) exhibit live birth E) have light, hollow bones