Obstruction of the nasopharynx, pulmonary hypertension, and risk of sleep apnea may be associated with excessively enlarged:
a. branchial cleft cysts.
b. cystic hygromas.
c. palatine tonsils.
d. thyroglossal duct cysts.
C
Palatine tonsil enlargement, grades 3+ to 4+, may obstruct the nasopharynx, which increases the risk of sleep apnea and, rarely, pulmonary hypertension. The other choices are congenital em-bryonic structures in the neck.
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