Which patient would be considered to belong to a vulnerable population when included in research? Select all that apply

1. A healthy newborn delivered at 38-week's gestation.
2. A 45-year-old woman with diagnosed bipolar disease.
3. A 28-year-old woman who is 16-weeks pregnant.
4. A 35-year-old man who is hospitalized with renal colic.
5. A 58-year-old female inmate who was injured in a prison fight.


1, 2, 3, 5
Explanation: 1. Neonates are considered a vulnerable population.
2. Persons with mental illness are considered a vulnerable population.
3. Pregnant women and fetuses are considered vulnerable populations.
4. Persons who are hospitalized are not considered part of a vulnerable population based upon the hospitalization alone.
5. Persons confined to institutions such as prisons are considered part of a vulnerable population.

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