The nurse knows that the following factors contribute to the development of wounds and lead to delays in wound healing: (Select all that apply.)
a. A patient who has diabetes
b. A patient with COPD on long-term steroid therapy
c. A patient with on bed rest who is repositioned
d. A patient who is obese and sweats excessively
ANS: A, B, C, D
Factors that contribute to the development of wounds and lead to delays in wound healing include comorbidities such as vascular disease, which impacts the skin's ability to obtain required oxygen and nutrients, or diabetes, which affects not only the microvasculature, but also the skin's normally acidic pH; malnutrition involving inadequate proteins, cholesterol and fatty acids, and vitamins and minerals; medications such as steroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatories, and anticoagulants; excessive moisture from sweating; and external forces such as pressure, shear, and friction that occur when turning and repositioning the patient in bed.
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