A stimulus that indicates reinforcement is available is called a _____________ stimulus
a. negative c. timed
b. positive d. discriminative
D
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Which of the following is a demographic change in the workforce?
a. The workforce is becoming less diverse because of job discrimination. b. Hispanic and African American workers competing for jobs are at a disadvantage because they have lower high school and college graduation rates than Asian Americans and European Americans. c. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual workers no longer fear discrimination. d. Male supervisors are less likely to show favoritism for heterosexuals than female supervisors.
For the past three months, Hilda has had difficulty falling asleep at night. She often tosses and turns for several hours before she finally falls asleep. It is likely that Hilda is suffering from:
a. hypersomnia b. insomnia c. sleep apnea d. night terrors
In the experiments on learning helplessness, animals that first learn to escape the shocks through mastery training
a. were more persistent later in trying to escape the shocks and were more resistant to learned helplessness. b. gave up more quickly when the shocks became inescapable, which resulted in their being less resistant to learned helplessness. c. became extremely aggressive and hostile when the shocks became inescapable. d. showed stereotyped responding to the shocks.
Miller and Weiss's cross-sectional experiment with children of ages seven, 10, and 13 assessed selective attention. When the oldest children recalled fewer irrelevant details from the scenes, this result showed that
a. less effort was expended by the oldest group. b. the younger children were more intelligent. c. gender mattered, with older girls delaying performance. d. older children were better able to ignore irrelevant details.