List and describe the steps involved in decision making

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

The decision-making process involves several steps. First, there must be an awareness that a real problem exists. An appreciation of its ramifications and recognition of a need for a decision must be present. The proper answer to the wrong question is no solution to the real problem. To deal with an apparent problem without knowing that it is merely a symptom of the real one may result in an incorrect solution to the right problem or an inappropriate solution to the wrong one. Second, facts must be obtained. Opinions of others may be needed as supportive data when subjective decisions are involved. Third, when sufficient data have been collected, they must be evaluated and analyzed. Reliability of the source of the data must be tested, just as the facts themselves are. Once the real problem has been identified, concentration can be focused on the solution. Personal bias should be eliminated in the analysis. Fourth, alternative approaches leading to a logical conclusion should be decided on, and probable consequences of each should be weighed. Possible conflicts among those who are to implement the decision must be considered. This involves insight. The effect of each alternative on the objective should be considered in determining the best course of action indicated by the facts at hand. Fifth, a decision must be selected from the alternative solutions. This involves value judgments in selecting the solution that allows action to follow in carrying out the decision. Consideration should be given to the time and the setting in which the action is to be carried out and to the long-term results from choosing one alternative over another. The pros and cons should be carefully considered and weighed. Sometimes, a secondary option for carrying out the mission might be necessary as a contingency measure in the event the primary decision is found to be unworkable or cannot be followed because of unforeseen circumstances. Sixth, the decision must then be communicated to those who must carry it out.