Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of __________
A) existing policy
B) the actions of others
C) their own actions
D) low-level staff
Answer: C
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Eighteen states have a process in which voters petition to place proposed laws on the ballot for approval. This process is called
a. a referendum. b. gerrymandering. c. an initiative. d. log rolling.
The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees male citizens the right to __________ regardless of race.
A. own property B. vote C. run for political office D. marry
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that black Americans are not included and were not intended to be included under the word "citizens" in the Constitution?
A) the Dred Scott case B) Plessy v. Ferguson C) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka D) Roe v. Wade E) Marbury v. Madison
What was the rationale for why Jim Crow laws were initially considered not in conflict with the Equal Protection Clause?
a. Since Jim Crow laws mandated segregation and said nothing about equality, the Equal Protection Clause was thought to be irrelevant. b. Jim Crow laws were important for maintaining social order, a prerequisite for racial equality. c. Jim Crow laws helped African Americans to overcome inequality by building character through overcoming adversity. d. The Equal Protection Clause applied only to the actions of the federal government.