The community health nurse is planning programs aimed at reducing the incidence of cancer. Which strategies would the nurse plan to implement as part of primary prevention?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Providing health counseling and education
2. Reducing tobacco use
3. Providing annual Papanicolaou (Pap) smears
4. Instructing women in breast self-examination
5. Helping clients maintain weight within recommended levels
Correct Answer: 1,2,5
Rationale 1: Health counseling and education is considered primary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 2: Reducing the use of tobacco is considered primary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 3: Providing Pap smears is an example of secondary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 4: Performing monthly breast self-exams is an example of secondary prevention against cancer.
Rationale 5: Maintaining a healthy weight is an example of primary prevention against cancer.
Global Rationale: All options except providing Pap smears are examples of primary protection. Screenings such as Pap smears are part of secondary prevention.
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