A cornerstone of the medical, or “disease,” model is that disease states are a reflection of

a. biological dysfunction at the cellular or molecular level.
b. a corruption of “free will.”
c. a disruption in the balance of the four humors of the body.
d. the unavoidable consequence of commerce, which has brought us things such as the bubonic plague in the 1300s, when flea-infested rats were carried from areas where the plague was endemic to areas where it had never been seen before.


a. biological dysfunction at the cellular or molecular level.

Counseling

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Significant contextual experiences are:

a. Socialization experiences that influence self perceptions b. Considered as minor influences on developmental issues c. Sole determiners of career choice d. Not important variables in personality development

Counseling

Credentialing laws for the counseling profession have been left to the

a. state legislatures. b. national government. c. county/city legislatures. d. school districts.

Counseling

This type of sampling consists of selecting individuals from the population who represent subgroups, this is referred to as:

a. cluster sampling b. stratified sampling c. systematic random sampling d. convenience sampling

Counseling

Which of the following is one of the most difficult lessons for new counselors to learn?

a. When to advocate. b. When to report suspected abuse or neglect. c. When to let go. d. Setting boundaries.

Counseling