"Male" is which of the following?
A) Not a variable
B) An independent variable
C) A dependent variable
D) An outcome variable
A
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A variable is a characteristic or quality that takes on different values (i.e., varies from one person or object to another). The dependent (or outcome) variable is the behavior, characteristic, or outcome the researcher is interested in explaining, predicting, or affecting (the "O" in the PICO scheme). The independent variable is the presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable. The independent variable corresponds to the "I" and the "C" components in the PICO scheme. Thus, "male" is not a variable, but a constant.
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