When an infant is in respiratory distress and having retractions, what causes the retractions?
a. a deficiency of oxygen and a surplus of carbon dioxide in the lungs
b. efforts by the infant to take in more air create a negative-pressure pull
c. soft tissue surrounding the ribs and sternum are drawn inward during inspiration
d. changes in electrolyte status in the lungs
C
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A Incorrect. A deficiency of oxygen and a surplus of carbon dioxide in the lungs may result during retractions, but is not causative of retractions.
B Incorrect. Efforts by the infant to take in more air, i.e., expand their lungs, causes the chest wall to contract instead, but does not create a negative-pressure pull.
C Correct. When infants in distress attempt to increase lung volumes, their pliable chest wall moves inward instead of expanding. Retractions occur as the soft tissue surrounding the ribs and sternum move inward during inhalation.
D Incorrect. When an infant is in respiratory distress and having retractions, changes in electrolyte status in the lungs do not cause retractions (further, electrolyte status is not measured in reference to the lungs).
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